MacBain's Dictionary - Section 0
- a
- vocative particle, Irish a,
Old Irish á,a; Welsh, Cornish, Breton a; Latin
o;
Greek
@Gw@?
- a
- his, her, Irish,
a,
Old Irish á, ái (accented),
Welsh ei, Breton
e, Celtic esjo,
esjâs; Sanskrit gen. asyá, asyâs.
The gen. pl. is an, their,
Old Irish
a n-,
Celtic esjon
(Stokes gives esan=Sanskrit gem. gen. pl. âsâm).
- a
- who, that (rel. pron.). In Gaelic this is merely the verbal particle
do of past time, used
also to explain the aspiration of the
future rel. sentence. Oblique cases are done by
an, am (for san,
sam,
Old Irish san, sam), the neut. of art. used as rel. (cf. English
that). The rel. locative is sometimes done by the prep.
an,
am: "An coire am bi na caoraich" (1776 Collection, p112).
- a
- out of, ex:
See as.
- a
- from, in the adverbs a nall, a nìos, a nuas,
a null; Irish,
Old Irish
an-, as anuas, etc.; Celtic a(p)ona, a derivative from Indo-European
apo, whence Latin
ab,
Greek
@Ga@'pó; German von, from, is the exact
equivalent of the Celtic. The a before
sìos and
suas is due
to analogy with a nìos, a nuas.
- a
- in to, as in a bhàn,
a bhos, a nis, a stigh,
a steach, is the
prep. an, in, into, q.v.
- a
- as in a rìs, &c., and before verbs, is the prep.
do, q.v.
- a'
- the, at;
See an, the, and
ag, at.
- ab
- or ab ab, fie! The Irish ab ab,
Middle Irish abb is an interjection of
defiance, obo, of wonder; cf. Latin babæ,
Greek
@Gbabaí. Hence
doubtless M`A.'s abab, dirt.
- aba
- abbot, Irish
ab,
Old Irish abb, Welsh abad; from Latin abbas, abbatis,
whence also English abbot. Hence abaid, abbey. Middle Irish
apdaine, abbacy, in Middle Gaelic "abbey lands", whence placenames
Appin, older Abbathania (1310), Abthein (1220), "abbey lands".
- abadh
- syllable, utterance; Early Irish apad, proclamation: ad-ba-,
Celtic ba, speak; Latin fatur, fama, English fame.
- abaich
- ripe, Irish abaidh,
Middle Irish abaid,
Early Irish apaig, *ad-bagi,
Old Irish apchugud, autumnatio; *ad-bog-, Celtic root bug, as in
bog, q.v.;
ad-bach, root of English bake;
Greek
@Gfw/gw. The Welsh
addfed is from a root met.
- abaideal
- colic (M`A.):
- abair
- say, so Irish,
Old Irish epiur, Celtic ád-berô; Latin re-fero;
See root in beir.
- abaisd
- a brat, trifling, impudent person:
- abalt
- expert (M`A.); from Scottish apert?
See aparr.
- abar
- confluence; only in Pictish place names:
Old Gaelic (Book of Deer) abbor;
Welsh aber,
Old Welsh aper, Celtic ad-bero-, root ber;
See beir.
Modern Gaelic pronounces it obair (so in 17th
cent.), which agrees with the
Old Welsh oper; this suggests
od-bero-, "out flow", as against the "to flow" of ad-bero-.
The
od is for
ud, allied to English out. Aporicum: *ati-boro-n
(Holden).
- abarach
- bold;
See abair above.
- abardair
- dictionary (Shaw); from
abair, q.v.
- abartach
- talkative, bold; from abair, q.v.
- àbh
- hand net; from Norse háfr, pock-net. Also
tàbh, q.v.
Spelt less correctly àmh and àbhadh.
- abh
- bark of dog; an onomatopaetic word.
- abhainn
- river, Irish abhann (gen. abhann, now aibhne),
Old Irish abann,
Welsh afon, Breton auon, Gallo-Brit. Abona; Latin amnis (*ab-nis).
Root
abh; Sk. ambhas, water;
Greek
@Ga@'fros (
@Go@'/mbros, imber)
(Zim. Neu., 270).
- àbhacas
- sport, irony;
See àbhachd.
- àbhachd
- humour, sport, Irish adhbhachd:
- abhag
- terrier, Irish abhach; from
abh, q.v. Cf. Early Irish abacc,
dwarf; Welsh afanc.
- abhagas
- rumour, false suspicion:
- àbhaist
- custom, Manx oaysh, Irish abhest
(O'R.), abaise
(O'Br.),
ad-beus? Middle Irish ábaisi (pl.).
See beus, custom. Ascoli
compares the
Old Irish -abais of duabais, teter, and suabais,
suavis. Meyer suggests from Norse avist, abode : unlikely.
- abhall
- an orchard, apple-tree,
Middle Irish aball, apple-tree.
See ubhal.
- abharr
- silly jest (M`A.):
- abharsair
- Satan, Irish aidhbherseóir,
Early Irish adbirseoir; from Latin
adversarius (English adversary). Also aibhistear.
- abhcaid
- a jest;
àbhachd.
- abhlan
- wafer, so Irish,
Old Irish obla, g. oblann; from Latin oblationem,
an oblation.
- abhra
- eyelid;
See fabhra.
- abhras
- spinning, produce of distaff, Irish,
Middle Irish abhras,
Old Irish
abras, gestus,
Early Irish abras, handiwork, spinning, abairsech,
needlewoman.
Corm. (B) abras,
who derives it from Late Latin
abra, ancilla.
- abhsadh
- the slackening of a sail, hoisting sail (N.H.); from
Norse hálsa, clew up sail, from hâls, neck, allied to Latin
collum. English hawser is also hence. Also allsadh.
- abhsporag
- a cow's stomach, tripe
(H.S.D.), allsporag, cow's
throttle (M`A.);
borrowed evidently from a Scandinavian
compound of háls, neck.
Cf. abhsadh.
- ablach
- a mangled carcase, Irish ablach, carcase: *ád-bal-ac-, from
root bal, bel, die, Indo-European gel, whence Eng, quell. Irish has
abailt, death,
Old Irish epeltu, atbail, perit, from the same root
and prefix; the first of them appears in our Gaelic dictionaries
through Shaw. From Gaelic comes Scotch ablach.
- àbran,
abran
-
(M`A. and
H.S.D.), an oar-patch on a boat's gunwale;
See aparan.
- Abraon
- April, so Irish; founded on Latin Aprilis (English April).
The form is due to folk-etymology, which relates it to
braon.
- abstol
- apostle, Irish absdal,
Old Irish apstal, Welsh apostol; from Latin
apostolus, whence English apostle.
- acaid
- a pain, stitch; *ád-conti-;
See urchoid.
- acain
- sigh, complaint,
Early Irish accáine, Welsh achwyn; ád+caoin;
See caoin, weep.
- acair
- anchor, Irish ancaire,
Old Irish ingor; from Norse akkeri:
acairsaid, anchorage, from Norse akkarsaeti, "anchor-seat".
From Latin ancora, whence English anchor.
- acair
- acre, Irish acra; from English acre; Latin ager.
- acarach
- gentle; Irish acarach, obliging, convenient, which shades
off into
acartha, profit; Welsh achar, affectionate; ád-car-;
See càr, friendly.
M`A. has acarra,
moderate in price, indulgence,
which belongs to acartha.
- acaran
- lumber.
- acartha
- profit, so Irish;
See ocar, interest.
- acastair
- axle-tree; borrowed word from Scottish ax-tree of like meaning
- English axle, &c.
- ach
- but, Irish
achd,
Old Gaelic (Book of Deer) act,
Old Irish act, acht, *ekstos,
possibly, from eks=ex; cf.
Greek
@Ge@'któs, without. For the
change of vowel, cf.
as, from eks. The Welsh for "but" is
eithr, from ekster; Latin exter-.
- ach
- interjection of objection and impatience; founded on
ach with leaning
upon och.
- achadh
- a field, so Irish,
Old Gaelic achad,
Old Irish ached (locative?)
campu lus (Adamnan), *acoto-; Latin acies, acnua, field.
- achain
- prayer; dialect for achuinge, q.v.
- acharradh
- dwarf, sprite.
- achd
- statute, so Irish,
Middle Irish acht; from Latin actum, English act.
- achd
- manner, condition, Irish,
achd; same as
achd.
There may be
a native aktu- (*ag-tu, *pag-tu?) underlying some meanings
of the word, especially in Irish.
- achdarr,
achdartha
- methodical, expert (H.S.D.):
- achlaid
- chase, pursuit, so Irish,
Middle Irish acclaid, fishing,
Early Irish atclaid,
fishes, hunts, pursues: ad-claidim;
See claoidh.
- achlais
- arm-pit, Irish ascall,
Middle Irish ochsal, Welsh cesail. The
divergence from regular philologic equivalence here proves
borrowing - from the Latin axilla; Norse öxl, German achsel,
Scottish oxter.
- achlan
- lamentation (M`L.); for och-lan?
from och.
- achmhasan
- a rebuke, Irish achmhusán,
Early Irish athchomsán;
cf. aithis
for root.
- achuinge
- supplication; also athchuinge, so Irish,
Early Irish athchuingid;
ath+cuinge;
Old Irish cuintgim, peto, con-tek-; English
thig.
See atach.
- acras
- hunger, Irish ocrus,
Early Irish accorus, occorus: *ad-co-restu-,
possibly the root pres of Latin premo: *careo (F@+4. 422).
- acuinn,
acfhuinn
- apparatus, accoutrements, Irish acfuinn,
Early Irish
accmaing, means, apparatus: ad-cumang,
Old Irish cumang,
potentia;
See further under cumhachd.
- ad
- hat,
Middle Irish
at, Welsh het; from English hat, Norse hattr.
- ad-,
adh-
- inseparable prefix, in force and origin the same as Latin
ad. It is to be separated, though with difficulty, from the
ad- arising from
aith- or
ath-, q.v.
- adag
- shock of corn, Irish adag; cf. Scottish hat, hot, hut, "to put up
grain in the field, a small stack built in the field"; Middle English
hutte, heap.
- adag
- a haddock; from the English.
- adamant
- adamant, so Irish; from the English.
- adha,
ae
- liver, Irish aeghe, g. ae,
Old Irish óa, ae, Welsh afu, Breton avu,
root av
Cf.
adha for ae,
cadha for cae.
- adhan
- proverb (M`A.);
rather aghan, root
agh, Latin ajo, adagio,
adage; Sanskrit ah, say.
- adhal
- flesh hook (Sh.), so Irish,
Old Irish áel, tridens: *pavelo-, Latin
pavire? But cf. English awl,
Middle English and Anglo-Saxon awel, awl, flesh-hook.
- adhaltrach
- adulterous, Irish adhaltranach,
Early Irish adaltrach; from
Latin adulter, whence English adulterous.
- adharc
- horn, so Irish,
Old Irish adarc: ad-arc; root arq, defend, as in
teasairg, q.v.; Latin areceo, &c.
- adharcan
- lapwing, "horned bird";
from adharc; Dial. dhaoireagan.
Irish adaircín (P.O'C).
- adhart
- pillow, so Irish,
Early Irish adart: ad-art; art, stone?
See airtein.
- adhart,
aghart
- "progress" (Dict.). This is a ghost-word, made
from the adverbial phrase air adhart, which in Middle Irish is
araird, forward, bring forward; in
Old Irish arairt, prorsum.
Hence it is
air+
àrd, q.v.
- adhastar
- halter, Manx eistyr, Irish aghastor,
Middle Irish adastar; cf. Welsh
eddestl, steed.
- adhbhal
- vast, awful, so Irish,
Old Irish adbul: *ad-bol-; Indo-European root
bhel, swell, as in English bloom, etc. Zimmer compares it with
Sanskrit bala, strength. Stokes and Osthoff give root bel, bol,
strong, big, Sanskrit balam, strength,
Greek
@Gbélteros, better, Latin
de-bilis, weak, Church Slavonic boliji@u, greater;
whence bailceach
(Osthoff) and
bail,
buil.
- adhlac
- burial, Irish adhlacadh,
Old Irish adnacul, sepulcrum: ad-nank-otlo
(*ad-nagtlo-, Zim.): root verb nankô, I bring; Latin
nanciscor; further Indo-European nenk, enk, as in
thig, q.v.
- adhna
- an advocate (Macd.):
H.S.D. cfs. Heb. adhon, sustentator.
- ag
- at, with inf. only;
See aig.
- ag,
agadh
- refusal, doubt; Early Irish ac, refusal,
Old Irish acc, no!
Welsh acom, to deny. It is onomatopoetic?
See agadh.
- agadh
- hesitancy in speech, Breton hak,hakal; cf. Sanskrit ac, speak
indistinctly.
See ag.
- agair
- plead, so Irish,
Old Irish acre (n.), from ad-gar-;
root
gar, cry;
See goir.
- agallamh
- conversation, Irish agallamh,
Old Irish acaldam, for ad-glád-,
Old Irish ad-gládur, I converse: for root,
See glaodh.
- agh
- a hind, Irish agh,
Old Irish
ag, Welsh ewig (*agîko-), Celtic agos-;
Sanskrit ajás, buck;
Lithuanian oz@?y/s, goat. Zend. azi, Armenian ezn
(St.).
- àgh,
àdh
- happiness, luck, Manx aigh, Irish ágh,
Middle Irish ada,
buada, late Middle Irish ád,
luck, ádh=sonas (P.O'C); root a@-g-,
bring;
See àghach.
- àghach
- warlike, so Irish,
Early Irish ágach, ág, war, *a@-gu-;
Sanskrit a@-jís,
contest;
Greek
@Ga@'gw/v, English antagonist.
- aghaib
- essay (M`A);
See oidheirp.
- aghaidh
- face, so Irish,
Old Irish aged, *agitâ; Indo-European roog
ag, lead. It
is usually referred to the root oq, Latin oculus, etc., but the
phonetics are unsatisfactory.
- aghann
- pan, so Irish,
Old Irish, aigen, Celtic aginâ; Sanskrit aga, water
jar;
Greek
@Ga@'/ggos, a vessel.
- agus
- and so Irish,
Old Irish acus, ocus,
Book of Deer acus,
Old Welsh ac, Breton
hag; allied is
fagus, near,
Old Irish ocus, Welsh agos, Breton hogoz:
*aggostu-, ad-gos-; root ges, gos, carry; Latin gero, aggestu-s,
mound (Zimmer). Stokes refers it to the root angh, choke,
narrow; Celtic aggúst-, from pre-Celtic aghnústu- (Latin
angustus), with accent on syllable after the root - gn with
the accent on the following vowel being supposed, as in
Teutonic, to produce gg. The derivation from root onk, enk,
as in
thig, is not tenable in view of the Welsh.
- ai
- sheep, swan (Carm.):
- aibheil
- huge (M`E.).
See adhbhal.
- aibheis
- sea, the deep; Irish aibheis, sea, abyss; Early Irish aibéis, sea.
This Stokes refers to a Celtic abensi-s, abhent-ti-s; root
abh,
as in
abhainn. But cf.
Old Irish abis, from Latin abyssus: Welsh
affwys, bottomless pit.
- aibheis
- boasting; aibhsich, esaggerate; Irish aibhseach, boasting:
from aibheis?
Another form of aibhsich is aillsich.
- aibhist
- an old ruin (Stew.):
- aibhistear
- the Devil; another form of
abharsair, q.v.
- aibhse
- spectre, so Irish:
See taibhse.
- aibidil
- alphabet, Irish aibghitir,
Old Irish abbgitir, from Late Latin
abgetorium, abecedarium, the
a, b, c, d, ar alphabet. A
dialectic form, aibirsidh, comes from the old learning system,
beginning "A per se",
a by itself=
a, English apersie. Analogised
to caibideal (Meyer).
- aice
- proximity, Irish aice;
See taic.
- aice
- a lobster's burrow, also
faiche.
- àicheadh
- deny, Irish aithcheo, contradicting,
Middle Irish aithceód: *ati-ceud-(?),
"go back on"; cf.
Old Irish atchuaid, exposui, which
Stokes refers to the root of
chaidh, went, q.v.
- aicheamhail
- reprisal; cf. Irish athghabháil; ath+gabhail.
- ++aicme
- race, Irish,
Old Irish aicme, Welsh
ach, pedigree, *akk-, from ak,
edge; Latin acies? Stokes cfs. Sanskrit anka, lap, but this would
give Gaelic àk- (a@-) and a Welsh anc.
Norse átt, family, German acht,
property.
- aidheam
- joyous carol:
- aidich
- confess, Irish admhuighim,
Old Irish addaimim, Welsh addef:
ad-dam-; root dam; Latin domo, English tame.
- aifrionn
- mass, so Irish,
Early Irish oifrend, Welsh offeren; from Latin
offerendum (English offer).
- aig
- at, Irish
ag,
Old Irish oc; for root,
See agus.
- àigeach
- young or entire horse; also òigeach=
òg+
each, q.v.
Middle Irish óc-ech, young steed (Eriu@+2 11).
- aigeann
- the deep, Irish àigeun,
Early Irish oician, Welsh eigion: from Latin
oceanus, English ocean. There is also a by-form aigeal.
- aigeannach
- spirited,
Early Irish aignech;
See aigneadh.
Irish aigeanta, meditative.
- aighear
- mirth, Manx aigher; *ati-gar-;
See gàirdeachas for root.
Yet Irish aiereach, merry, aerial, from aier, air, from Latin aer,
makes the matter doubtful. Irish aerach (Hyde), merry, airy.
Evidently the Gaelic is borrowed from the Latin
- aigilean
- ear-ring, tassel; cf. Scottish aiglet, tagged point, jewel in
one's cap; eglie, needlework, from French aiguille, needle; Latin
acus.
- aigne
- the swift, anything quick (Carm.):
- aigne,
aigneadh
- mind, so Irish,
Old Irish, aicned: ád-gn-eto-, root gna@-,
know,
Greek
@Ggignw/skw, English know. Stokes refers it to the root
of ++aicme, as he gives it.
Ascoli makes the root cen, as in
cineal. The Gaelic g is against any root with c.
- àil
- will; better
àill, q.v.
- ail,
aileadh,
ailt
- a mark, impression, Irish
oil, mark (O'R),
Middle
and Early Irish aile, fence, boundary (Meyer). A t stem: oiledaib,
*al-et.
- ++ail
- rock, Irish and
Old Irish
ail, *alek-, allied to German fels;
See further
under mac-talla.
- ailbheag
- ring;
See failbhe.
- ailbhinn
- flint, precipice; from ++ail, rock.
- àile
- air, scent,
Early Irish aél, ahél; Welsh avel,
Cornish, Breton, awel, wind;
Greek
@Ga@'élla
(St. Lec.), storm;
*avel-, root ave, ve, wind; Latin
au-ra,
Greek
@Ga@'c/r, English
air.
- aileag
- hiccup, Irish
fail; cf. Latin ha@-lo, breathe, English in-hale.
- àilean
- a green: *ag-li-? Cf. Latin ager.
- àilear
- porch:
- ailis
- blemish, reproach,
Old Irish
ail, disgrace, Gothic agls?
- ailis
- mimicing (Wh.); bad
atharrais, aith-lis, (
M`A.)
aithris.
- àill
- desire, so Irish,
Old Irish áil, Welsh ewyll, Breton ioul, Celtic avillo-;
root av, desire, Latin aveo, English avidity.
áil, pleasant, *pagli,
English
fair (
St. Bez.@+20 24).
- àille
- beauty,
Early Irish álde, for álnde;
See àlainn.
- àilleas,
àilgheas
- will, desire; Irish áilgheas,
Early Irish ailges, áilgidim,
I desire; from áil and
geas, request, q.v.
- ailleagan
- root of the ear, hole of the ear; also
faillean, q.v.
- àilleagan
- darling, so Irish; from
àille, q.v.
- aillean
- elecampane: cf.
Greek
@Ge`leníon, Latin inula. Middle Irish eillinn
(Rev.Celt.@+9 231). inula quam alain rustici vocant (Isidor).
- ailleant
- shy, delicate; Middle Irish
ail
(O'Cl.), shamefaced.
- ailleort
- high-rocked; from
++ail, rock;
See mac-talla.
- aillse
- diminutive creature, fairy, Irish aillse;
- aillse
- cancer, Irish aillis,
Old Irish ailsin, cancerem:
- aillseag
- caterpillar; from aillse.
- ailm
- the letter A, elm; Irish ailm, palm (fir?) tree, letter A;
borrowed from Latin ulmus, Norse álmr, English elm.
- ailt
- stately, high; Irish ailt, Latin altus, àilt
(H.S.D.).
- aim-,
aimh-
- privative prefix;
See am-,
amh-.
See its use in
aimhleas (=am-leas), hurt, aimhrea,
aimhreidh, confusion
(=am-réidh), aimbeart, distress, etc. (= am-bert). The
vowel in the root is "small", and hence affects the
a of am.
- aimheal
- grief, Irish aithmhéal, repentance; aith+méala, grief,
Early Irish méla, sorrow, reproach; *meblo-, a shorter form of
Old Irish
mebul, dedecus;
Greek
@Gmémfomai
- aimhfheoil,
ainfheoil
- proud flesh; from
aimh- and
feòil, q.v.
- aimlisg
- confusion, mischief:
- aimrid
- barren, so Irish,
Middle Irish immrit, barren,
Early Irish amrit; am-ber-ent-,
"non-producing"; root ber
of beir?
- aimsichte
- bold (Arms.); am-meas-ichte, "un-mannerly"?
See meas.
- aimsir
- time, so Irish;
Old Irish amser, Welsh amser, Breton amzer, possibly a
Celtic ammesserâ; either a compound of am,
time (ammensîrâ,
from sîr, long?), or amb-mensura, root mens, measure,
Latin mensus, English measure. Ascoli and Stokes give the
Celtic as ád-messera, from ad-mensura.
- aimsith
- missing of aim, mischance: am-mis-ith, Gaelic root mis
of eirmis, q.v.
- àin
- heat (Dict.), light (H.M`Lean),
Old Irish áne, fulgor, from án,
splendidus, latter a Celtic a@-no-s; Gothic fôn, fire (from pân);
Prussian panno. Stokes suggests rather *agno-s, allied to Latin
ignis, Sanskrit agní, fire.
- ain-
- privative prefix;
See an-.
- ainbhtheach
- stormy,
Middle Irish ainbthech, *an-feth-ech, Gaelic rott
feth, breeze, from vet, English weather, Latin ventus, etc.
See ++anfadh.
- ainbi,
ainbith
- odd, unusual: an-bith, "un-world-like".
See bith.
- aincheas
- doubt,
Middle Irish ainches,
Early Irish ances, dubium.
- ainchis
- a curse, rage, Irish aingeis,
Early Irish aingcess, ánces, curse,
anguish;
an+
geas, q.v., or Latin angustia?
- aineamh
- flaw, so Irish,
Early Irish anim, Welsh anaf, blemish,
Old Breton
anamon, mendæ;
Greek
@Go@'/vonai, blame
- àinean
- a liver, liver of fish (N.H.);
See adha.
- àineartaich
- yawning (aineartaich, M`A.);
See àinich below.
- aineas
- passion, fury; an-theas, from
teas, heat.
- aingeal
- angel, so Irish,
Old Irish angel, Welsh angel, Breton ael; from Latin
angelus, whence also the English
- aingeal
- light, fire, Manx ainle, Irish
aingeal (
Lh.,
O'Br.),
Middle Irish
aingel, sparkling: *pangelos, German funke,
Middle English funke; further
ong, fire, hearth; LIt anglis, coal, Sanskrit añgâra, glowing coal;
Indo-European ongli, ongôl; allied is Indo-European ognis, fire, Latin ignis.
See
Fick@+4 14. Skeat derives Scottish ingle from the Gaelic. Also
ainneal, a common fire.
- aingealachd
- numbness: ang-eal-ach-, root ang, choke (Latin
ango)?
- aingealtas
- perversity, malignity; from aingidh.
- aingidh
- wicked, Irish aingidhe, malicious,
Old Irish andgid, angid,
nequam, wicked, andach, sin; *an-dg-id, root deg of
deagh,
good, q.v.
- àinich
- panting, also aonach;
root a@-n-, long form of
an, breath
(see anail); Sanskrit ânana, mouth ("breather").
- ainid
- vexing.
- ainis
- anise; from the English. Middle Irish in ainis, gloss on
"anisum cyminum dulce".
- ainm
- name, Irish and
Old Irish ainm, pl. anmann,
Book of Deer anim, Welsh
enw, Breton hanv, *anmen-;
Greek
@Go@'/noma; Prussian emmens, Church Slavonic
ime@?; root ono, allied to no@- in Latin nomen, English name.
- ainmhide
- a rash fool;
See òinid.
- ainmhidh
- beast, brute, Irish ainmhidhe,
Middle Irish ainmide, *anem-itio-s,
*anem-, life, soul; Latin animal, etc. Irish is also ainmhinte,
"animans".
- ainmig
- rare; an-minig, q.v.
- ainneamh
- rare;
See annamh.
- ainneart
- force;
ain-, excess (see
an-), and
neart.
- ainnighte
- tame, from ainneadh, patience (Sh.); possibly from
an-dam, root dam, tame.
- ainnir
- virgin,
Early Irish ander, Welsh anner, heifer,
Middle Breton annoer (do.),
*anderâ; cf.
Greek
@Ganqcrós, blooming, a@'qárioi, virgins (Hes.),
@G*nqar-.
- ainnis,
ainniseach
- needy: an+dìth, want?
- ainstil
- fury, over-fizzing: an+steall.
- air
- on, upon. This prep. represents three Irish ones:
- air=Old Irish
ar, air, ante, propter,
Welsh
ar, er, Breton er, Gaul are-,
Celtic ari, arei,
Greek
@Gpará,
@Gparaí, by, before;
Latin prae; English
fore, for. This prep. aspirates in Irish, and in Gaelic idioms
it still does so, e.g. air chionn.
- air=Old Irish for, "super",
Old Welsh and
Old Breton guor, Breton voar, oar,
Gaulish ver-;
Greek
@Gu@`pér; Latin s-uper; English over. This prep.
did not aspirate; it ended originally in r in Gaelic; as an
inseperable prefix (vero-, viro- in Gaulish) it aspirated, as in the
modern form of old names like Fergus, now Fearghuis or
Fear'uis (gen. case).
- air=Old Irish iar n-, after, pre-Celtic epron;
Sanskrit aparám,
afterwards, aparena, after; Gothic afar, after, English af-ter.
Further come
Greek
@Go@'pi-, behind, e@'pí-, to, Latin ob-, op-.
See iar.
This is the prep. that is used with the inf. to represent a
perfect or past participle in Gaelic - Tha mi air bualadh; "I
have struck".
- airbhinneach
- honourable; air+beann?
- airc
- distress, so Irish,
Old Irish aircur, pressure; cf. Latin parcus,
sparing.
- àirc
- the Ark, Irish
airc; from Latin arca.
jtm