MacBain's Dictionary - Section 40
- trogbhoil
- grumbling (
M`A.), trògbhail, quarrel (
Nich., trogbhail,
Arms.,
Sh.,
O'R.):
- troich
- a dwarf;
See droich.
- tròidht
- cataplasm, rags, shapeless worn shoe (Skye);
See trait.
- troigh
- misspelt troidh, a foot, Irish
troigh,
Old Irish traig, g. traiged,
Welsh traed,
Old Cornish truit, pes,
Middle Breton troat: *traget- (*troget-?),
foot, root trag, leap, draw,
Gaulish vertragos, greyhound; Indo-European
tragh; Gothic
@Gþragjan, run, Anglo-Saxon þrah, course;
Latin traho,
draw.
- troileis
- any trifling thing; founded on English trifles?
- troimh
- through,
Old Irish tremi-, trans-, super-: *trimo-, from
tri of
tre. For the
mi or mh, cf.
roimh,
comh-.
- trom
- heavy, Irish trom,
Old Irish tromm, Welsh trwm, Cornish trom, Breton
troum: trud-s-mo-s, "oppressive", from trud, oppress, distress;
Gothic us-þriutan, oppress, English threat; Latin trûdo, push.
See trod further. For other views,
See Rhys' Lect.@+2, 114, Zimmer
Zeit.@+24, 208.
- troman
- dwarf, elder, Irish tromán,
Old Irish tromm, g. truimm; also
Gaelic droman (M`A.):
- tromb
- the Jew's harp; from Scottish trump (do.), English trump, from
French trompe.
- trombaid
- a trumpet, Irish trompa, L.Middle Irish trompadh; from the
English
- troraid
- a spire, steeple (M`F.); founded on English turret.
- trosdail
- dull, seriously inclined, Irish trosdamhuil, serious, confident.
- trosdan
- a crutch, support, Irish trostán, crutch, pilgrim's staff, Welsh
trostan, long slender pole.
See trasd for root.
- trosg
- a codfish, Irish trosg; from Norse þroskr, Danish torsk, German
dorsch.
- trot
- trot, trotan, trotting; from the English
- truacantas
- compassion, Irish truacánta (O'Br.): *troug-can-,
"expressing pity", from
truagh and
can, say.
- truagh
- wretched, pitiful, so Irish,
Early Irish trúag,
Old Irish tróg, Welsh tru,
Cornish troc, miser, Breton tru,
Gaulish Trôgos: *trougo-, miser, root
streug, rub, wear;
Greek
@Gstreúgomai, am worn out, distressed;
Church Slavonic strugati, scratch, distress, Lithuanian strugas, carving instrument;
Norse strjúka, to stroke, German straucheln, stumble
(Windisch, Prellwitz). Stokes refers it to the root of Norse
þrúga, press, þrúgan, compulsion,
Old High German drûh, compes.
From Celtic comes English truant.
- truaill
- a sheath, so Irish,
Early Irish trúaill: *troud-s-li-, root
treud,
trud, push; English thrust, Latin trûdo.
See further
trod,
trom.
- truaill
- pollute, violate, Irish trúaillim,
Early Irish trúalnim,
Old Irish
druáilnithe, corruptus, @oellned,
inquinatio, illuvies, élnithid,
violator, from éln-,
Old Irish as-lenaimm, pollue, Gaelic root len (le@-n,
Ascoli), f@oedare (Latin lino, smear, as in
lean?). Ascoli
analyses
truaill into der-uad-le@-n (der- intensive), while
Thurneysen refers the tru-, dru- to the root of Latin trux,
trucis. dru-es-lén (Stokes).
Early Irish trú, wretched, English throe
(Stokes).
- trudair
- a stammerer, a dirty or obscene person, Irish trudaire, a
stammerer (Lh.,
O'Br.,
Con.).
In the first sense, the word is
Irish; in the second sense, it is Gaelic only, and likely of the same
origin as
trusdar. Norse þrjótr, knave,
bad debtor, has been
adduced as its origin.
- truilleach
- a dirty or base person, filthy food: *trus-lic-, root
trus
as in
trusdar?
Or from Scottish trolie, a person of slovenly
habits, trollop?
- truis
- tear, snatch, truss; from Scottish truss, to eat in a slovenly,
scattering fashion (Ork.), Icel. tros, English trash. In the sense
of "truss", the Gaelic is from English truss. Hence the cry to dogs
to get out - truis!
- trùp
- a troop; from the English
- trus
- truss or bundle, collect, Irish trusdalaim, truss up, girdle, Welsh
trwsa, a truss; from English truss,
Old French trusser, from Late Latin
tortiare, tortus, twisted.
See also triubhas.
- trusdar
- a filthy fellow, filth; cf. Irish,
Early Irish trist, curse, profligacy,
Late Latin tristus, improbus.
- trusgan
- clothes, apparel, Irish truscán, trosgán, clothes, furniture;
founded on trus. Cf. English trousseau from the same origin.
- truthair
- a traitor, villain; from Scottish trucker, deceiver, trickster?
Or from English traitor? Cf.
trudair.
- tu,
thu
- thou, Irish,
Old Irish tú, Welsh ti, Cornish ty, te,
Breton te: *tû; Latin
tû;
Greek sú; English thou; Prussian tou; Zend tû.
- tuagh
- axe, so Irish,
Middle Irish tuag,
Early Irish túagach, hitting: *tougâ
root teu@gh, tuq, hit, strie;
Greek
@Gteúhw, fashion,
@Gtúkos,
hammer,
@Gtukánc, flail; Church Slavonic tu@ualo, cuspis.
Stokes prefers
comparison with Sanskrit tuj, hit (*tug).
- tuaicheal
- dizziness, tuachioll (Sh.),
winding, eddying, moving
against the sun, left-about: *to-fo-cell (for cell,
See timchioll,
Irish tuachail, going, confused with *tuath-cell, "left (north)
going"? Cf.
tuaineal.
- tuaileas
- reproach, scandal, so Irish (
Lh.,
O'Br., etc.): *to-fo-less;
from *lisso-, blame, discussed under
leas-?
- tuailt,
tubhailt
- a towel; Irish tudhoille; from the English
- tuainig
- unloose (Dial.);
See tualaig.
- tuaineal
- dizziness, stupor, Irish toinéall, swoon, trance (Dineen):
*to-fo-in-el, root ell
of tadhal? Or *to-fo-neul?
- tuaiream
- a guess, aim, vicinity, Irish tuairim; also tuairmse:
*to-for-med-, root med of
meas.
- tuaireap
- turbulence:
- tuairgneadh
- confusion, sedition, Irish tuargán, noise, discontent:
- tuairisgeul
- description, report, Irish tuarasgbháil,
Middle Irish túarascbal,
description,
Old Irish tuárascbaim, for to-for-as-gab-, root
gab of
gabh.
- guairmeis
- hit on, discover: *do-fo-air-mess;
See eirmis.
- tuairneag
- anything round, a boss, tidy female, tuairnean, a
mallet, beetle, Irish tuairnín, mallet;
cf. tuairnear.
- tuairnear
- a turner, Irish túrnóir; from the English
- tuaisd
- a dolt, sloven, tuaisdeach, unseemly:
- tuaitheal
- wrong, left-wise, Irish tuaithbhil,
Early Irish tuathbil; from
tuath and
seal:
See deiseil for latter root and form. Irish has
tuathal, the left hand, awkward.
- tualaig
- loose (Arms.), have flux,
tuanlaig (n elided, Perth),
tuanaig, tuama, a tomb, Irish tuama; from
Latin tumba, English tomb.
- tuar
- food,
Old Irish tuare: *taurio-, root staur, place, store, English
store, Sanskrit sthávara, fixed: root sta.
- tuar
- hue, appearance; cf. Irish,
Middle Irish
tuar, an omen, presage:
*to-vor-, root ver, vor, of
fhuair?
- tuarasdal
- wages, so Irish,
Middle Irish tuarustul, tuarastal: *to-fo-ar-as-tal,
root tal, tel, take, lift,
Middle Irish taile, salarium, Welsh tâl, payment,
Cornish, Breton tal, solvit; Indo-European tel;
Greek
@Gtélos, tax,
@Gtálanton,
talent; Latin tollo; English thole.
See
tail,
tlàth.
- tuasaid
- a quarrel, fight, Irish fuasaoid, animosity, spite,
Early Irish
fúasait, "entwickelung", development: to-fo-ad-sedd-, Gaelic
root sedd from sizd, si-sed, set, "set-to" being the idea?
Root sed of
suidhe. But cf.
faosaid.
- tuasgail
- loose, untie, Irish tuaslagadh, releasing,
Early Irish tuaslaicim:
*to-fo-as-léc-im, from le@-c of
leig, let, q.v.
- tuath
- people, tenantry, so Irish,
Old Irish túath, populus, Welsh tud,
country, nation, Cornish tus, Breton tud,
Gaulish Tout-, Teuto-: *toutâ,
people; Latin Umbr. toto, state, Oscan túvtú, populus, Latin
tôtus, all; Gothic þiuda, people,
Teutonic, Deutsch, German,
Dutch; Lettic táuta, people,
Old Prussian tauto, land.
- tuath
- north, Irish
tuath, tuaith,
Old Irish túath, left, north: *toutâ,
*touto-s (adj.), left hand, left, "good",
Gothic þiuþ, good; cf.
Greek
@Geu@'w/numos, left hand, "good-omened". Rhys (Manx Pray.
@+2, 62) suggests that the root is su, turn
(see iompaidh):
*do-hu@-th (*to-su-), "turning to"; Welsh aswy or aseu, left hand,
being also hence - *ad-sou-i-.
- tuba
- a tub; from the English
- tubaist
- mischance,
Middle Gaelic tubbiste (Dean of Lismore),
Arran Gaelic tiompaiste,
Irish tubaiste:
- tuban
- tuft of wool on the distaff;
See toban.
- tùch
- smother, become hoarse,
tùchan, hoarseness: *t-úch; cf.
Welsh ig, sob, hiccup.
- tudan
- a small heap or stack (dud, M`A.):
- tug
- brought;
See thug.
- tugaidean
- witticisms (Dial., H.S.D.):
- tugha
- thatch, covering, tugh (vb.), Irish tuighe (n.), tuighim (vb.),
Early Irish tuga, tugim, Welsh to, a cover, thatch, toi, tegere,
cor. to,
tectum, Breton to, tenn: *togio-, *togo-,
root to@g, ste@g, as in
tigh,
teach.
- tughag
- a patch:
- tuig
- understand, Irish tuigim,
Old Irish tuiccim, tuiccim, tuccim: *to-od-ges-
root ges
of tug. some have given the stem as *to-od-cesi, root
qes
of chì; but this would give Gaelic tuic.
Old Irish tuicse, electus:
*to-od-gus-, root
gus, taste, English gusto.
- tuil
- a flood, Irish,
Old Irish tuile: *tuliâ, root
tu, swell;
Greek
@Gtúlos,
knob, weal; Sanskrit tûla, tuft, English thumb, tumid, etc. (
See tulach).
So Stokes Zeit.@+31, 235. The
Old Irish root o@-l, to flood,
abound, gives tólam, a flood, imról, foróil,
abundance, etc.
The root pol, pel has also been suggested, as in
iol-.
- tuilis
- overloading stomach (Carm.):
- tuille,
tuilleadh
- more (n.), Irish
tuille, tuilleadh, addition, tuilleamh,
wages, addition,
Early Irish tuilled, tuillem, addition, inf. to tuillim,
enhance, deserve, as in Gaelic toill.
Two words are mixed:
to-eln-, deserve, and to-oln, much, more,
Early Irish oll, great,
huilliu, plus, *olniôs, root pol, pel,
many,
Greek
@Gpolús, Latin plus
etc. (see iol-).
Stokes equates the
Old Irish uilliu, oll, with Latin
pollere, which is from *pol-no-, root pol as above (Wharton).
The Gaelic syntax of
tuille shows its comparative force in tuille na
(more than) as well as tuille agus, Irish tuilleadh agus
(addition and).
- tuimhseadh
- beating, thumping, tuinnse, a blow (Gael.Soc.Tr.@+15,
260),
Middle Irish tuinsim, calco, tuinsem, bruising, *to-ud-nessim
(Str.); founded on Latin tundo, beat. Stokes queries if cognate.
- tuineadh
- an abode, possession, Irish tuinidhe, possession
(O'Cl.),
Early Irish tunide; also tuineadh (Irish and Gaelic):
*to-nes-, root
nes as in
còmhnuidh, q.v.
- tuinneasach
- deathful, Irish tuinneamh, tuineamh, death:
- tuinnidh
- firm hard, Irish tuinnidhe (
O'Br.,
Sh.), immovable, clocha tuinnidhe;
from
tuineadh, the idea being "settled, fixed".
- tuir
- relate, tuireadh, relating, Irish tuirtheachda, relation, rehearsal,
Early Irish turthiud, pl. tuirtheta, tale, from ret,
run (as in
ruith).
Cf.
aithris,
Early Irish tuirem, reciting,
is from *to-rím, root ri@-m,
number (as in
àireamh).
- tuireadh
- a dirge, lamentation, Irish tuireamh, dirge, elegy; for root
See tuirse.
- tuireann
- a spark of fire from an anvil, Irish tuireann (O'Br., etc.),
Early Irish turend (?): *to-rind? For rind,
See reannag.
- tuireasg
- a saw, Irish tuiriosg,
Early Irish turesc: *tar-thesc, from
teasg,
cut, q.v.
- tuirl
, tuirling
- descend, Irish tuirlingim,
Early Irish tairlingim,
Old Irish
doarblaing, desilit *to-air-ling-; for ling, jump,
See leum.
- tuirse
- sadness, Irish tuirse,
Middle Irish tor, sad,
Early Irish toirsi, torsi,
Old Irish
toris, toirsech, tristis; root tor, ter,
tre, Latin tristis, sad.
- tùis
- incense, Irish,
Middle Irish,
Early Irish túis; from Latin tu@-s,
Greek
@Gqúos.
- tuisleadh
- a stumbling, fall, so Irish,
Old Irish tuisled, prolapsio, tuisel,
casus, dofuislim, labo: *to-fo-ess-sal-im, root sal, spring; Latin
salio, leap, dance, English insult;
Greek
@Ga@`/llomai, leap; cf. Lithuanian
sele@?/ti, glide, creep. Ascoli analyses it into *to-fo-isl-, where
isl is what remains of ísel
or ìosal, low.
- tuit
- fall, Irish tuitim,
Old Irish tuitim, inf. tutimm, acc.pl. totman, also
tothimm, *tod-tim, Gadelic root -tim-, Welsh codwm, a fall (cf. Irish
cudaim), codymu, cadere, Cornish codha; cf. English tumble,
Greek tomber,
fall. Usually explained as *to-fo-thét-, from
théid,
which would
naturally be tuid in Gaelic, even granting that the crasis of
-ofothé- simply landed in -ui-, not to mention the inf.
in preserved
m (tuiteam). Root tud (Thurneysen); to-ud = think.
- tul
- entirely, Irish tul (i.e. tuile, O'Cl.), increase, flood: an adverbial
use of the root form of
tuil, flood? Cf. Irish tola, superfluity.
- tul
- fire, hearth, heap (Carm.):
- tulach
- a hillock, Irish,
Early Irish tulach; root
tu, swell;
Greek
@Gtúlos,
knob,
@Gtùlc (u long), swelling, weal; Latin tumor, tu@-ber, a
swelling; English thumb.
- tulag
- the fish whiting, Irish tullóg, the pollock; cf.
pollag.
- tulchann,
tulchainn
- a gable, posterior, Irish tulchán, hillock; from
tulach?
- tulchuiseach
- plucky (Hend.):
- tum
- dip, tumadh, dipping, so Irish,
Early Irish tummim: *tumbô; Latin
tinguo, tingo, wet, English tinge, tincture;
Old High German duncôn, dip,
ger. tunken, dip, steep.
- tunna
- a tun, ton, Irish,
Early Irish tunna; Anglo-Saxon tunne,
Middle English tonne,
Norse tunna, German tonne; all from Latin tunna, a cask. Stokes
(Bez.Beit.@+18), suggests borrowing from the Norse; Kluge
regards the words as of Celtic origin. On this
See ++tonn.
- tunnachadh
- beating, dashing;
See tuimhseadh.
- tunag
- a duck, Irish tonnóg?
- tunnsgadh
- upheaval (R.D.):
- tur,
gu tur
- entirely, Irish tura, plenty (tura namhad, plenty of
enemies),
Early Irish tor, a crowd (dat.
tur);
See tòrr.
- tùr
- a tower, Irish túr; from Middle English tour, tu@-r, from
Old French
tur, Latin
turris.
- tùr
- understanding; cf. Middle Irish túr, research, examination,
Old Irish
túirim, rotuirset, scrutati sunt, for to-fo-shirim,
from
sir, search.
- turadh
- dry weather, tur, dry (without condiment), so Irish,
Early Irish
turud, terad, adj.
tur, dry, tair: root tor, ter
of tioram?
- turag
- a trifling illness (as of a child) - Arg.:
- turaman
- rocking, nodding;
See turraban.
- turcais
- tweezers (M`A.), pincers;
See durcaisd.
- turguin
- destruction (H.S.D. from MSS.),
Middle Irish tuarcain, smiting,
Early Irish tuarcaim (dat.), hitting: *to-fo-argim, root org,
Old Irish
orgun, orcun, occisio,
Old Breton orgiat, Cæsar's Gaulish Orgeto-rix:
*urg-, root vr@.g, verg, press, Latin urgeo. Stokes suggests
connection with
Greek
@Ge@'réhqw, tear;
Bezzenberger gives Zend
areza, battle, fight; Brugmann compares Sanskrit r@.gha@-yati, raves,
rages,
Old High German arg, what is vile or bad.
- turlach
- a large fire: *t-ur-lach, from Irish ur, úr, fire,
Greek
@Gpu@nr, English
fire.
- turlach
- a bulky, squat person;
See tòrr,
turadh. Cf. Welsh twrllach,
a rounnd lump.
- turlas
- small cupboard (Perth);
See tairleas.
- turloch
- a lake that dries in summer, Irish turloch; from
tur and
loch.
- tùrn
- a turn, job; from the English
- turraban
, turraman
- rocking of the body, nodding, grief (turadan,
Sh.). Hence turra-chadal, a slumbering drowsiness,
"nodding sleep":
- turrag
- an accident:
- turradh
- a surprise, taking unnawares (Skye):
- turraig,
air do thurraig
- at stool (M`A.):
- turram
- a soft sound, murmur; onnomatopoetic. But cf.
toirm,
torrunn.
- turtur
- a turtle, so Irish, Welsh turtur; from Latin turtur.
- turus
- a journey, Irish,
Early Irish turus,
Old Irish tururas, incursus, aururas,
properatio: *to-reth-s-tu, root ret, run (see ruith).
- tùs
- the beginning, Irish tús,
Old Irish túus, tús, Welsh tywys, leading;
See tòiseach.
- tut
- interjection of cold or impatience; from English tut.
See thud.
- tùt
- a quiet breaking of wind, stench, Irish tút,
Middle Irish tútt, stench:
allied to toit, q.v.
Cf. Keating's tútmhar, smoky.
- tuthan
- a slut (Arms.,
M`L.), Irish túthan;
from the root of the
above word.
- ua
- from, Irish ua, ó,
Old Irish ua, hua, ó: *ava, ab; Sanskrit áva, ab,
off; Latin au- (au-fero), away; Church Slavonic u-, ab, away.
See o.
- uabairt
- expulsion: *od-bert-, prefixed by
ua? from the root ber
(in
beir).
- uabhar
- pride, so Irish,
Old Irish úabar, vainglory, Welsh ofer, waste, vain
(Ascoli): *oubro-, root eu@g, rise,
Greek
@Gu@`/bris, insolence
(See uasal).
It has also been analysed into *ua-ber like
uabairt =
"e-latio", elation.
- uachdar
- surface, summit, so Irish,
Old Irish uachtar, ochtar: *ouktero-,
root eu@g, ve@g, rise, be vigorous, as in
uasal, q.v. Cf. Welsh uthr,
admirandus.
- uadh-
- in uadh-bheist, monster, uadh-chrith, terror;
See ++uath
below.
- uaigh
- a grave, Irish uaigh,
Middle Irish uag,
Early Irish uag, *augâ, allied to
Gothic augo, eye, English eye.
See for force
dearc. So Stokes,
and rightly.
- uaigneach
- secret, lonesome, so Irish,
Middle Irish uagnech: *uath-gen-,
"lonesome-kind", from uath, lonesome, single; Norse auðr,
empty, Gothic auþs, waste, desert; Latin ôtium, rest.
- uaill
- pride, Irish uaill,
Early Irish úaill,
Old Irish uall: *oukslâ, root eu@g,
ve@g of
uasal.
- uaimh
- a cave, den, Irish uaimh, g. uamha,
Middle Irish uaim, g. uama,
Old Irish huam, specus (also huád, specu): *oumâ.
Bezzenberger
suggests *poumâ, allied to
Greek
@Gpw@nma, a lid (
@G*pwuma); Strachan
compares
Greek
@Geu@'nc/, bed (German wohnen, dwell). Welsh ogof, cave,
den is correlated by Ascoli.
- uaine
- green, Irish uainne, uaithne,
Early Irish úane. Strachan suggets
the possibility of a Gadelic *ugnio-, root ve@g, be wet, Greek
u@`grós, wet (see feur).
- uainneart
- bustle, wallowing, Irish únfuirt, wallowing, tumbling;
also Gaelic aonairt, aonagail:
- uair
- an hour, Irish uair,
Old Irish huar,
uar, g. hóre, Welsh awr, Cornish our,
Old Breton aor, Breton
eur, heur; from Latin hora, English hour.
Hence
uaireadair, a watch, time-piece, Irish uaireadóir
(*horatorium?).
- uaisle
- pride, nobility, so Irish; from uasal, q.v.
- uallach
- a burden, Irish ualach: *podl-;
Old High German fazza, a bundle,
German fassen, hold (Strachan). Also
Gaelic eallach, q.v.
- uallach
- gay, proud, so Irish; from
uaill.
- uamhag
- sheep-louse:
- uamharr
- dreadful, Irish uathmhar,
Early Irish úathmar; from
++uath, fear,
q.v. Used adverbially, like English awfully, to denote excess.
Dial. uarraidh.
- uamhas
- dread, horror, uathbhas, Irish uathbhás,
Early Irish úathbhás:
*uath-bás, "dread death";
See ++uath and
bàs.
- uamhunn
- horror, Irish uamhan, awe, horror,
Early Irish uamun, hóman,
Old Irish omun, homon, rarely, ómun, fear,
Welsh ofn, fear, awe,
Cornish own, Breton aoun,
Gaulish -obnos, Ex-obnus, Fearless: *obno-s,
fear. Bez. cfs. Gothic bi-abrjan, be astounded (but abrs means
"powerful"), and
Greek
@Ga@'/fnw, suddenly.
- uan
- a lamb, Irish,
Middle Irish uan, Welsh oen, pl. wyn, Cornish oin, Breton oan:
*ogno-s; Latin agnus;
Greek
@Gámnós (for
@Ga@'bnós);
Church Slavonic jagne;
Also Anglo-Saxon éanian, to yean or lamb (*auno@-n).
- uar
- waterfall, heavy shower, confluence (Sutherland Dial.), Irish,
Early Irish úarán, fresh spring;
See fuaran.
Arms. has uaran,
fresh water.
- uarach
- hourly, temporary (H.S.D.), homely
(M`L.); from
uair.
- uasal
- noble, proud, Irish,
Old Irish uasal, Welsh uchel, Breton uhel, huel,
Gaulish uxello-: *oukselo-, high, root eu@g, ve@g, rise, increase;
Greek
@Gu@`yclós, high,
@Gau@'xw, increase;
Latin augeo, increase, vigeo,
be strong; English up, German auf; Lithuanian áuksztas, high.
- ++uath
- dread, Irish uath,
Old Irish úath, Cornish uth, Breton eus, heuz, horror;
*pouto-, root pu, foul; Latin putris, English putrid, foul?
- ub!
- ubub! interjection of contempt or aversion,
Old Irish upp.
- ubag,
ubaidh
- a charm, Irish uptha, upadh, sorcerer,
Old Irish upta,
fascinatio, uptha, Manx obbee, sorcery: *od-ba-t-, from ba,
speak
(see ob, refuse).
Zimmer refers it to root ben
of bean,
hurt, touch.
- ubairt
- rummaging amoung heavy articles, bustle (Dial.);
See ùbraid.
- ubh! ubh!
- interjection of disgust or amazement; cf. English phew.
- ubh
- an egg, Irish ubh, ugh,
Old Irish og,
ub (?), Welsh wy, pl. wyan, Cornish
uy, oy, Breton u, vi: *ogos;
Greek w@'/beon, egg, further w@'ón, Latin
ovum, English egg. The phonetics as between Celtic and the
other languages is somewhat difficult; but the connection
is indisputable.
- ubhal
- apple, Irish ubhall,
Early Irish uball, ubull,
Old Irish aball, Welsh afal,
Cornish auallen, Breton avallen: *aballo-, *aballôn;
English apple,
German apfel; Lithuanian obu@olys. Stokes now queries
German obst, fruit,
Old High German obaz, Anglo-Saxon ofet, fruit.
- ùbhla
- a fine, penalty:
- ùbraid
- confusion, dispute, also ùprait: *ud-bert-, from ber of
beir.
- ucas,
ugsa
- coal-fish, stenlock:
- uchd
- the breast, so Irish,
Old Irish ucht: *poktu-; Let. pectus? Stokes
and Bezzenberger give *puptu-,
Lettic pups, woman's breast,
Lithuanian pápas, breast (English pap from Latin pappa).
St. now
gives poktus, allied to pectus.
See iochd.
- ud
- yon, yonder, Irish úd,
Early Irish út;
for sud (sút), q.v. For loss of
s, cf. the article.
- udabac
- outhouse, porch, back-house (ùdabac, Uist); from Norse
úti-bak, "out-back"?
- udail
- cause to shake, waver, remove, Irish udmhall, quick, stirring
(O'Cl.),
Old Irish utmall, unsteady, utmaille, instability: út of
sud + tamall (Rhys).
- ùdail
- inhospitable, churlish, ùdlaidh, gloomy;
cf. Norse útlagi,
an outlaw, útlagð, outlawry.
- udalan
- a swivel, Irish udalán (Fol.,
O'R.); from
udail. Cf. ludnan.
- udhar
- a boil, ulcer; also othar, q.v.
- ùdlaiche
- a stag, old hart (Arms.):
- ùdrathad,
ùtraid
- free egress and regress to common pasture;
from the Norse - cf. útreið, an expedition, "out-road".
- ugan
- the upper part of the breast, Irish ugán, craw of a fowl,
ugann, fish gill (Heb.):
- ùghdair
- author, Irish úghdar,
Early Irish ugtar,
Old Irish augtor; from Latin
auctor.
- ugsa
- coal-fish;
See ucas.
- uibe
- a mass, lump (as of dough), iob;
cf.
faob: *ud-bio-, "out-being".
But cf. Latin offa, ball.
- uibhir
- a number, quantity, Irish uibhir, uimhir,
Early Irish numir,
number; from Latin numerus, English number.
- ùidh
- (uidh), care, heed, Irish
uidh (obs.),
Old Irish oid;
See taidhe.
- ùidh
- a ford, that part of a stream leaving a lake before breaking
into a current; also an isthmus (M`Kinnon),
uidh, aoi); from
Norse eið, an isthmus, neck of land. Hence Eye or Ui near
Stornoway, older Ey, Huy, Eie.
- uidh,
uidhe
- a journey, distance, Irish uidhe,
Early Irish ude,
Old Irish huide,
profectio: *odio-n, root pod, ped, go; Latin pes, pedis, foot;
Greek
@Gpoús,
@Gpodós, foot; English foot;
Sanskrit padyâ, footstep.
- uidheam
- accoutrements, apparatus, Irish ughaim, harness, trappings,
Old Irish aidmi, armamenta, Welsh iau, jugum,
Old Cornish iou,
Breton geo, ieo, *yougo-, yoke; English yoke, German joch;
Greek
@Gzugón;
Latin jugum; Lithuanian jungas. The Gadelic requires a form
*ad-jung-mi. Cf.
Old Irish adim, instrumentum, pl.n. admi.
- ùig
- a nook, cove; from Norse vík, bay, creek, English wick, -wich.
Hence the place name Uig (Skye, Lewis). Hence ùigean, a
fugitive, wanderer.
- uigheil
- pleasant, careful; from
aoigh in the first meaning and
from
ùidh in the second.
- uile
- all, the whole, Irish uile,
Old Irish uile, huile: *polio-s, root pol,
pel, full, many,
Greek
@Gpollós (=
@Gpolios), much, many;
See iol-.
Stokes and most philologists refer it to *oljo-s, English all, German
all, Gothic alls (*olnó-s, Mayhew). Some have derived it from
*soli-, Latin sollus, whole,
Greek
@Go@`los, whence Stokes deduces the
Brittonic words - Welsh oll, all, Cornish hol,
Breton holl, oll (see slàn).
- uileann
- elbow, Irish uille, g.
uilleann,
Middle Irish uille, pl.acc. uillinn,
Old Irish uilin (acc.), Welsh, Cornish elin,
Breton ilin, elin: *olên-; Greek
@Gw@'lc/n,
@Gw@'lénc; Latin ulna;
Anglo-Saxon eln, English ell, elbow.
- uilear
- enough, etc.;
See fuilear.
- uill
- (ùill, H.S.D.),
oil thou, uilleadh, oil (n.);
See ola.
- uilleann
- honeysuckle, so Irish (O'Br.),
Middle Irish feithlend, woodbine;
See under feith.
- uilm
- coffer (Carm.):
- uim-
- circum, Irish uim-,
Old Irish imm-; a composition form
of mu,
q.v. Hence uime, about him, it, Irish uime,
Old Irish uimbi;
uimpe, about her (= imb-sì or imb-shi).
- ùin,
ùine
- time, Irish uain, time, opportunity,
Early Irish úine,
Old Irish
úain, leisure, time: *ut-nio-, root ut, vet
of feith, wait.
Strachan gives *ucn- as a reduced form, from euq, Sanskrit ókas,
comfort,
@Geu@'/kclos, free from care, at ease.
- ùinich
- bustle, tumultus;
See uainneart.
- uinicionn
- lambskin (Carm.); for uainicionn.
- uinneag
- a window,
Middle Gaelic fuinneóg, Middle Irish fuindeog, fuindeoc;
from Norse windauga, Scottish winnock, English window (= wind-eye).
From Anglo-Saxon windaége (Stokes, Lis.).
- uinnean
- an onion, Irish uinniun,
Middle Irish uinneamain, uindiun, Welsh
wynwynyn; from Latin union-em,
Old French oignon, English onion,
from unus, one.
- uinnean
- ankle:
- uinnseann
- ash, Irish uinseann,
Middle Irish fuindseog, ash-tree,
Old Irish
ind-huinnius, Welsh on, onen, earlier onn, onnen, Breton ounnenn.
Cornish onnen: *osnâ, *osnestu-; Latin ornus (*osinos);
Lithuanian u@osis,
ahs, Russ. jaseni@u. Cf. English ash.
- uipear
- unhandy craftsman, bungler:
- uipinn
- a treasure, hoard; cf.
uibe.
- ùir
- mould, dust, earth, Irish,
Middle Irish úir,
Early Irish úr, g. úire: *ûrâ;
Norse aurr, loam, wet clay, mud, Anglo-Saxon eár, humus. Stokes
hesitates between *ûrâ and *ugrâ,
Greek u@`grós, wet.
- uircean
- a young pig, Irish uircín,
Middle Irish orcán, porcellus, oircnín
(do.), orc, porcus; *porko-s; Latin porcus; English farrow, pork;
Lithuanian pàrszas, boar.
- uiread
- as much, amount, Irish oiread,
Old Irish erat, airet, length of
time, distance, cia eret, quamdiu: *are-vet-to-, root vet of
feith.
- uireas
- below, down;
See ioras.
jtm